• br Funding br Ethics br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgem

  2024-06-07

  

  Funding Ethics Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Hepatic fibrosis occurs in response to different etiologies of chronic liver injury, which is mainly accompanied by pathological atp gamma s of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) of the liver, as the common reaction

• A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM

  2024-06-07

  

  A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM2.5 has been observed in our experiments; however the underlying mechanism has not been investigated. Zhao et al. (2018) reported that PM2.5 down-regulated the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and resulted in nasal epithelial barrier

• ASK belongs to the family

  2024-06-07

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic

  2024-06-06

  

  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• Amyloid fibrils are insoluble high molecular weight non crys

  2024-06-06

  

  Amyloid fibrils are insoluble, high-molecular-weight, non-crystalline aggregates and traditional experimental techniques for structure determination such as X-ray and solution NMR cannot resolve their high resolution structures [64], [68]. However, amyloid fibrils exhibit various advantageous featur

• COPD is almost unheard of in

  2024-06-06

  

  COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less than 40 years of age (even among heavy smokers), 1 in 10 lifetime never-smokers and 1 in 3 develop COPD by age 75 [26], unquestionably, COPD is an age-related disorder. This notion of accelerated ageing of COPD is supported by animal models, which demons

• Recent studies demonstrated that AHR has

  2024-06-06

  

  Recent studies demonstrated that AHR has an important role in the interplay between cancer metabolism and tumor-specific immunity. Tryptophan catabolism is increasingly recognized as a metabolic pathway that promotes tumorigenesis through its role in immune suppression [75]. The rate-limiting enzym

• Application of the broad acting

  2024-06-06

  

  Application of the broad-acting 5-HTR antagonist methiothepin (Bard et al., 1996, Hoyer et al., 1994, Peroutka, 1990) converted the TBS-induced response of both thalamocortical and intracortical A1 synapses from LTP to LTD, an effect that was mimicked by the selective 5-HT2R antagonist ketanserin (L

• In the mammalian brain synapse formation

  2024-06-06

  

  In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning

• Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates

  2024-06-05

  

  Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates, the enzymatic ON-01910 of P-ATPases can be divided into steps that include a kinase activity, by which an aspartate residue on the enzyme is phosphorylated, and a phosphatase activity, by which the phosphoenzyme is dephosphorylated. Another co

• ekb There are profound differences between acute and chronic

  2024-06-05

  

  There are profound differences between acute and chronic pain when dramatic changes occur in peripheral nociceptors and central nociceptive pathways and the pain system is sensitised thereby leading to exaggerated responses to noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia) and responses to non-noxious stimuli (allo

• br MADS box proteins in plants

  2024-06-05

  

  MADS box proteins in plants, a flourishing family In contrast to animals, homeotic genes in plants do not code for homeodomain-containing proteins, but rather, in almost all cases, for MADS domain proteins. The sequencing of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed more than 100 putative MADS

• The current antifungal pipeline contains several

  2024-06-05

  

  The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of

• br Identification of the croaker mAR cDNA

  2024-06-05

  

  Identification of the croaker mAR cDNA Testosterone (T) was observed to alter steroidogenesis through a nongenomic mechanism (not blocked by the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D) in Atlantic croaker ovarian tissues (Braun and Thomas, 2003). This action of T was mimicked by T conjugated to B

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgments This

  2024-06-05

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgments This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014R1A4A1071040). Introduction Mitochondria occupy an important position as mediators of

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