• Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin in

  2024-10-23

  

  Preclinical models indicate roles for adiponectin in the maintenance of hepatic lipid metabolism. Adiponectin overexpression prevents accumulation of triglycerides or the deleterious lipid metabolites diacylglycerols or ceramides [5,8]. Direct manipulation of adiponectin expression demonstrates a po

• PL for actin in vitro showed

  2024-10-23

  

  PL for 6780 in vitro showed that its profiles, including particular peak and intensity, could determine the length and thickness of an actin filament. Furthermore, we investigated if the PL intensity peak at approximately 340 nm can also be originated from another cytoskeleton filament, such as mic

• The first suggestions that the cleaved intracellular

  2024-10-23

  

  The first suggestions that the cleaved intracellular domain of APP, AICD, might transit to the nucleus and hence selectively regulate gene transcription arose from analogies with the Notch receptor signalling system where similar intra-membrane proteolysis occurs [84], [85] and it was later confirme

• Further evidence for ACh GABA cotransmission

  2024-10-23

  

  Further evidence for ACh/GABA cotransmission had also been observed in the cortex. Extensive axonal arborization from cholinergic BF neurons exists throughout the cortical layers, allowing direct observation of cholinergic synaptic terminals. One study in the visual cortex of cat examined immunolabe

• br Role of autophagy in alcoholic

  2024-10-23

  

  Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa

• The overall mechanism of the

  2024-10-23

  

  The overall mechanism of the Cdc48 complex resembles that of the 19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome, which also uses receptor proteins to bind polyubiquitin chains attached to a substrate and employs a translocation mechanism (for review, see Kish-Trier and Hill, 2013). As with Cdc48, full sub

• Starting with commercially available or nitropyrazole

  2024-10-23

  

  Starting with commercially available 4- or 5-nitropyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, anilides containing nitro, amino or methylsulfonamido were synthesized. Here, manipulation of the substituents on the pyrazole ring was conducted after the anilide formation (). The kn 47 of the nitro group was performed w

• There are no studies documented the

  2024-10-22

  

  There are no studies documented the role of RAS in the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs but there are previous studies indicating that Ang II receptors exhibit opposing actions on MSCs differentiation, into other cell types rather than IPCs. The blockade of AT2R was reported to suppress MSCs differ

• br Conclusions br Transparency document br Acknowledgements

  2024-10-22

  

  Conclusions Transparency document Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the European Commission FP6 “Neuroprion” – Network of Excellence and Royal Veterinary College Bioveterinary science research project funding. We thank Professor Alun Williams (Cambridge University) fo

• Kuda et al reported that the activity of aminopeptidase

  2024-10-22

  

  Kuda et al. (1997) reported that the activity of aminopeptidase A (ApA) but not aminopeptidase B (ApB) nor aminopeptidase N (ApN) was decreased in plasma from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). More recently Puertas et al. (2013) reported that the activities of plasma ApA, ApB, ApN and IRAP wer

• P005091 Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key enzymes that

  2024-10-22

  

  Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic P005091 (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesson, 2009)

• A characteristic of iron present in brain

  2024-10-22

  

  A characteristic of iron present in brain fluids is considerable differences between measured values of ferritin and transferrin and the total iron content value (Table 1). Variation of the latter is compatible with differences in individual metabolisms. However differences between total iron conten

• Inflammatory factors released by activated cells

  2024-10-22

  

  Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011

• The CK catalyzes the reversible conversion of creatine into

  2024-10-22

  

  The CK catalyzes the reversible conversion of creatine into creatine phosphate using ATP and thereby releasing ADP. The CK isoenzymes, specifically localized in places where there is a demand and production of energy, are linked to a creatine/creatine phosphate shuttle (Wallimann et al., 1998). This

• br Conflict of interest br Financial

  2024-10-22

  

  Conflict of interest Financial support Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Japanese Millennium project. We thank all members of the Center for Genomic Medicine of RIKEN and Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. for supporting this study. We are also grateful to members of the Hiros

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